Below is the full Chinese text of the Classic of Filiality (孝經). Big Five and GB versions of the text are being available separately. Neither the Big Five nor GB contain all the characters used in this text. Missing characters have been indicated using their Unicode/ISO 10646 code points. "U+" followed by four hexadecimal digits indicates a Unicode/10646 code (e.g., U+9F08). There is no good solution to the problem of the small size of the Big Five/GB character sets; this represents the solution I find personally most satisfactory. (At least people with a copy of _The Unicode Standard_, vol. 2, can look up the missing characters, and conversion to Unicode-based systems--when they become available--will be smooth.) _The Unicode Standard_ is published by Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. It should be possible to buy or order it at most computer bookstores. The ISBN for volume 2 is 0-201-60845-6, the cost in the US is $29.95. I have tried to minimize this problem by using variant characters where they were available and the character actually in the text was not. Only variants listed as such in the 康煕字典 were used. This text was originally entered using the Big Five, since GB is, IMHO, too small a character set for classical texts (not to mention the problems involved in any use of simplified characters for classical texts). I have made every effort to make sure that the Big Five->GB conversions are correct, but there may be some errors remaining. Note, too, that since there are fewer characters in GB than the Big Five, the GB version has significantly more missing characters. Please let me know of any errors in the text or Big Five->GB conversion. Anybody who wants to coordinate with me on entering the Confucian classics (Big Five only, please) should also feel free to write. John H. Jenkins 井作恆 John_Jenkins@taligent.com 5 January 1993 =============================================================== 開宗明義章第一 仲尼居,曾子持。子曰:「先王有至徳要道,以訓天下,民用和睦,上下無怨,汝知之乎?」 曾子避席曰:「參不敏,何足以知之?」 子曰:「夫孝,徳之本也,教之所由生也。復坐,吾語汝。」 「身體髮膚,受之父母,不敢毀傷,孝至始也。立身行道,揚名於後世,以顯父母,孝之終也。」 「夫孝,始於事親,中於事君,終於立身。」 大雅曰:「無念爾祖,聿修厥徳。」 天子章第二 子曰:愛親者不敢惡於人,敬親者不敢慢於人。愛敬盡於事親,而徳孝加於百姓,刑於四海,蓋天子之孝也。甫刑云:「一人有慶,兆民頼之。」 諸侯章第三 在上不驕,高而不包。制節謹度,滿而不溢。高而不包,所以長守貴也。滿而不溢,所以長守富也。富貴不離其身,然後能保其社稷,而和其民人,蓋諸侯之孝也。詩云:戰戰兢兢,如臨深淵,如履薄冰。 卿大夫章第四 非先王之法服,不敢服。非先王之法言,不敢道。非先王之徳行,不敢行。是故非法不言,非道不行,口無擇言,身無擇行,言滿天下無口過,行滿天下無怨惡。三者備矣,然後能守其宗廟,此卿大夫子孝也。詩云:夙夜匪懈,以事一人。 士章第五 資於事父以事母,而愛同。資於事父以事君,而敬同。故母取其愛,而君取其敬,兼之者父也。故以孝事君,則忠以敬事長則順,忠順不失,以事其上,然後能保其祿位,而守其祭祀,蓋士之孝也。詩云:夙興夜寐,無忝爾所生。 庶人章第六 用天之道,分地之利,謹身節用,以養父母,此庶人之孝也。故自天子至於庶人,孝無終始,而患不及者,未之有也。 三才章第七 曾子曰:甚哉!孝之大也。子曰:夫孝,天之經也,地之義也,民之行也。天地之經,而民是則之,則天之明,因地之利,以順天下。是以其教不肅而成,其政不嚴而治。先王見教之可以化民也,是故先之以博愛,而民莫遺其親。陳之以徳義,而民興行。先之以敬讓,而民不爭。道之以禮樂,而民和睦。示之以好惡,而民和禁。詩云:「赫赫師尹,民具爾瞻。」 孝治章第八 子曰:昔者明王之以孝治天下也,不敢遺小國之臣,而況於公、侯、伯、子、男乎,故得萬國之歡心。以事其先王。 治國者不敢侮於鰥寡,而況於士民乎,故得百姓之歡心,以事其先君。治家者不敢失於臣妾,而況於妻子乎,故得人之歡心,以事其親。 夫然,故生則親安之,祭則鬼享之。是以天下和平,災害不生,禍亂不作。故明王之以孝治天下也如此。詩云:有覺徳行,四國順之。 聖治章第九 曾子曰:敢問聖人之徳,無以加於孝乎?子曰:天地之性,惟人為貴。人之行,莫大於孝。孝莫大於嚴父,嚴父莫大於配天,則周公其人也。昔者周公郊祀后稷,以配天。宗祀文王於明堂,以配上帝。是以四海之内,各以其職來祭。夫聖人之徳,又何以加於孝乎。故親生之膝下,以養父母日嚴。聖人因嚴以教敬,因親以教愛。聖人之教不肅而成,其政不嚴而治,其所因者本也。父子之道,天性也。君臣之義也。父母生之,續莫大焉。君親臨之,厚莫重焉。故不愛其親而愛他人者,謂之悖徳。不敬其親而敬他人者,謂之悖禮。以順則逆民,無則焉不在於善,而皆在於凶徳。雖得之,君子不貴也。君子則不然,言思可道,行思可樂,徳義可尊,作事可法,容止可觀,進退可度,以臨其民。是以其民畏而愛之,則而象之。故能成其徳教,而行其政令。詩云:淑人君子,其儀不<3D3F>。 紀孝行章第十 子曰:孝子之事親也,居則致其敬,養則致其樂,病則致其憂,喪則致其哀,祭則致其嚴,五者備矣,然後能事親。事親者,居上不驕,為下不亂,在醜不爭,居上而驕,則亡。為下而亂,則刑。在醜而爭,則兵。三者不除,雖日用三牲之養,猶為不孝也。 五刑章第十一 子曰:五刑之屬三千,而罪莫大於不孝,要君者無上,非聖人者無法,非孝者無親,此大亂之道也。 廣要道章第十二 子曰:教民親愛,莫善於孝。教民禮順,莫善於悌。移風易俗,莫善於樂。安上治民,莫善於禮。禮者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,則子悦。敬其兄,則弟悦。敬其君,則臣悦。敬一人而千萬人悦。所敬者寡而悦者衆,此謂之要道也。 廣至徳章第十三 子曰:君子之教以孝也,非室至而日見也。教以孝,所以敬天下之為人父者也。教以悌,所以敬天下之為人兄者也。教以臣,所以敬天下之為人君者也。 詩云:<3E4D>悌君子,民之父母。非至徳,其孰能順民如此其大者乎? 廣揚名章第十四 子曰:君子之事親孝,故忠可移於君。事兄悌,故順可移於長。居家理,故治可移於官。是以行成於内,而名立於後世矣。 諫諍章第十五 曾子曰:若夫慈愛恭敬,安親揚名,則聞命矣。敢問子從父之令,可謂孝乎?子曰:是何言與?是何言與? 昔者天子有爭臣三人,雖無道不失其天下。諸侯有爭臣三人,雖無道不失其國。大夫有爭臣三人,雖無道不失其家。士有爭友,則身不離於令名。父有爭子,則身不陷於不義。故當不義,則天不可以不爭於父,臣不可以不爭於君,故當不義則爭之,從父之令,又焉得為孝乎。 感應章第十六 子曰:昔者明王事父孝,故事天明事母孝,故事地察,長幼順,故上下治,天地明察,神明彰矣。故雖天子必有尊也,言有父也必有先也。言有兄也,宗廟致敬,不忘親也。修身慎行,恐辱先也。宗廟致敬,鬼神著矣。孝悌之至,通於神明,光於四海,無所不通。詩云:自西自東,自南自北,無思不服。 事君章第十七 子曰:君子之事上也。進思盡忠,退思補過,將順其美,匡救其徳,故上下能相親也。詩云:心乎愛矣,遐不謂矣,中心藏之,何日忘之。 喪親章第十八 子曰:孝子之喪親也,哭不{人哀},禮無容。言不文服美不安,聞樂不樂,食旨不甘,此哀戚之情也。三日而食,教民無以死傷生,毀不滅性,此聖人之政也。喪不過三年示民有終也。為之棺槨衣衾而擧之,陳其<5268><5262>而哀<3E59>之。<412A>踊哭泣,哀以送之,卜其宅兆,而安<344A>之。為之宗廟,以鬼享之。春秋祭祀,以時思之。生事愛敬,死事哀戚,生民之本盡矣,死生之義備矣,孝子之事親終矣。